Selection of land, preparation, system of cultivation, shade trees and management, manuring and fertilizer application, deficiency symptoms, liming, irrigation, mulching, exposing of panicles, weed control, training, maintenance of behives, use of growth regulators, harvesting-stage and intervals, processing -green and bleached cardamom, value added products, grading and storage. Cardamom – Origin, distribution, area, production and export, scope and importance, climate and soil, botanical variety and types and varieties, propagation -seed, sucker multiplication and micro- propagation.Black pepper-origin, distribution, area, production and export, scope and importance, climate and soil, varieties /hybrids and special features, propagation -seed, vegetative by cuttings, rapid multiplication technique, selection of site and preparation, system of planting, standards, shade trees and their management, training and pruning, liming, manuring, fertilizer application, irrigation, mulching, cover crops, use of growth regulators, weed control, harvesting and processing -black and white pepper, yield, pepper by products and bush pepper.Classification of Spices and condiments -based on parts used, aromatic origin, family and mixed: major and minor spices.Highlights of research achievements, thrust area, role of research stations and organization in promotion of spices and condiments. Spices and condiments- Definition, History, scope and importance, present status in India and Karnataka, area and production, uses, export potential and role in national economy.
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